Media Riset Ekonomi Pembangunan (MedREP)

PENGARUH AKSES INFRASTRUKTUR DASAR TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA

Hanifah Salsabila — 2026-08-03

Human development remains uneven across Indonesia's provinces even as basic infrastructure expands. This study examines the effect of access to electricity, safe drinking water, health facilities, and transportation on the Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesia, using panel data covering 34 provinces over 2019-2023 (170 observations). The estimation method used is the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), selected through the Chow and Hausman tests. The results show that electricity access and transportation access have a positive and significant effect on HDI; safe drinking water has a positive but not significant effect; and health facilities, proxied by the ratio of community health centers (puskesmas) per 100,000 population, have a negative and significant effect on HDI. Simultaneously, all independent variables significantly affect HDI, with an adjusted R² of 0.9506. These findings suggest that electrification and mobility infrastructure remain the most consistent drivers of human development across Indonesian provinces, while the health-facility ratio alone is an insufficient proxy for service quality.

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Sektoral Terhadap Pengangguran di Indonesia

Shania Delicia — 2026-08-06

This study aims to analyze the impact of growth in the agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, trade, and services sectors on the open unemployment rate across Indonesia's 34 provinces from 2015 to 2024, while controlling for population growth, average years of schooling, life expectancy, gross fixed capital formation, and the poverty rate. Secondary panel data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) were analyzed using the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. The findings reveal that growth in the agriculture sector has a negative but statistically insignificant effect on the open unemployment rate. Conversely, growth in the mining and quarrying, manufacturing, trade, and services sectors exerts a negative and significant influence on the open unemployment rate in Indonesia. Among the control variables, average years of schooling, life expectancy, and gross fixed capital formation were found to have significant effects, whereas population growth and the poverty rate did not. These estimation results indicate that efforts to reduce the open unemployment rate in Indonesia require policies that strengthen the growth of economic sectors with high labor-absorption potential, supported by improvements in the quality of human resources.

Pengaruh Upah Minimum, Tingkat Penidikan, Investasi, dan Akses Internet terhadap Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Indonesia

Alya Viola Agusti — 2026-08-06

The open unemployment rate (TPT) remains a key indicator reflecting labor market issues in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of the minimum wage, education level, investment, and internet access on the open unemployment rate in Indonesia. A quantitative approach using panel data covering 34 provinces over the 2018–2024 period was employed. Data were obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM). Analysis was conducted using panel data regression, involving model selection, classical assumption testing, partial and simultaneous tests, and the coefficient of determination. The results indicate that the minimum wage and education level have a positive and significant effect on the open unemployment rate. Investment has a positive and significant effect on the open unemployment rate, whereas internet access has a negative but insignificant effect. Collectively, the four variables have a significant impact on the open unemployment rate in Indonesia. These findings suggest that labor policies need to be integrated with efforts to improve human resource quality, create an investment climate capable of absorbing labor, and develop more equitable digital infrastructure to support the reduction of the open unemployment rate.

Pengaruh Ketidakpastian Kebijakan Ekonomi Global Terhadap Volatilitas Nilai Tukar Rupiah

Hanna Maharani — 2026-08-03

(GEPU) terhadap volatilitas nilai tukar Rupiah dalam jangka pendek jangka panjang, dengan menggunakan cadangan devisa (FER), Suku Bunga BI (BIR),Indeks Harga Konsumen (CPI), dan Indeks Volatilitas (VIX) sebagai variabel pengendali. Penelitian ini menggunakan data deret waktu sekunder bulanan dari Januari 2005 hingga September 2025. Volatilitas nilai tukar diestimasi menggunakan model Autoregressive Moving Average-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARMA-GARCH), dan estimasi tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) untuk menguji hubungan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa GEPU tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap volatilitas nilai tukar Rupiah dalam jangka pendek, namun memberikan pengaruh negatif yang signifikan dalam jangka panjang. Variabel-variabel kontrol juga memengaruhi volatilitas: cadangan devisa dan Indeks Harga Konsumen (CPI) signifikan dalam jangka pendek, sedangkan Suku Bunga BI, CPI, dan VIX signifikan dalam jangka panjang. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak ketidakpastian kebijakan ekonomi global bersifat bertahap dan baru terlihat jelas dalam jangka panjang. Studi ini merekomendasikan agar pemerintah dan Bank Indonesia menjaga stabilitas makroekonomi domestik serta memperkuat koordinasi kebijakan fiskal-moneter guna meningkatkan ketahanan ekonomi terhadap ketidakpastian ekonomi global

Pertumbuhan Sektoral dan Kemiskinan pada Provinsi di Indonesia Pasca-Covid: Analisis Perbandingan Kota-Desa

Lusi Lia Anggriani — 2026-08-06

Poverty remains a major development challenge in Indonesia, with different patterns across urban and rural areas following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzes the effects of growth in the agricultural, mining, manufacturing, trade, and service sectors on urban and rural poverty across 34 Indonesian provinces during 2021–2024, while controlling for gross fixed capital formation, open unemployment, and the human development index. Secondary panel data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) were analyzed using the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. The results show that agricultural growth significantly increases urban poverty but has no significant effect in rural areas. Manufacturing and trade growth significantly reduce rural poverty, whereas mining and service-sector growth are insignificant. Gross fixed capital formation reduces urban poverty but increases rural poverty, while the human development index significantly lowers rural poverty. These findings suggest that sectoral growth policies should be tailored to regional characteristics and supported by inclusive investment and human capital development to accelerate poverty reduction

ANALISIS FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EKSPOR MANUFAKTUR KOMODITAS FERONIKEL INDONESIA KE CHINA

Haviz Permana — 2026-08-10

This study examines the determinants of Indonesia's ferronickel exports to China during the period 2016Q1-2023Q4, focusing on China's consumer price index (CPI), the international price of ferronickel, China's gross domestic product (GDP), and the Rupiah/US Dollar exchange rate. Quarterly secondary data were obtained from Trade Map and related sources and analyzed using multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method in EViews, following a log-log specification and standard classical assumption tests. The results show that the international price of ferronickel and China's GDP have a positive and statistically significant effect on export value, while China's CPI and the exchange rate show no significant effect. The model explains about 81.4 percent of the variation in export value (R² = 0.8143) and is jointly significant (F = 29.59; p < 0.01). These findings indicate that Indonesia's ferronickel exports to China are driven mainly by global price dynamics and the strength of Chinese economic growth rather than short-term monetary factors. The study recommends that policymakers strengthen downstream mineral processing policy, diversify export markets, and improve production efficiency to sustain competitiveness amid global price fluctuations.

Pengaruh PDRB Per Kapita, Pendapatan Rumah Tangga, dan Aksesibilitas Energi Terhadap Kemiskinan Energi di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

Siti Zahara — 2026-08-06

Kemiskinan energi masih menjadi permasalahan pembangunan yang bersifat struktural di Provinsi Sumatera Barat meskipun rasio elektrifikasi telah tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh PDRB per kapita, pendapatan rumah tangga, dan aksesibilitas energi terhadap kemiskinan energi pada 19 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat selama periode 2018–2024. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan data panel yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas), yang dianalisis melalui regresi data panel Fixed Effect Model (FEM) setelah melalui uji pemilihan model dan uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PDRB per kapita dan aksesibilitas energi berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan secara parsial terhadap kemiskinan energi, sedangkan pendapatan rumah tangga berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan. Secara simultan, ketiga variabel tersebut berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemiskinan energi dan menjelaskan sekitar 89,16 persen variasinya. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan ekonomi rumah tangga, bukan output ekonomi wilayah secara agregat, merupakan faktor dominan yang membentuk kemiskinan energi, sehingga kebijakan pengentasan kemiskinan energi perlu diiringi peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat, pemerataan pembangunan wilayah, dan perluasan akses energi modern.

Pengaruh Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Kemiskinan Energi Rumah Tangga di Indonesia

Adisti Aulia Sari — 2026-08-06

Energy poverty is still a development challenge in Indonesia, marked by the continued use of wood as the main cooking fuel by some households. This situation shows that access to modern energy is still uneven. This study aims to analyze the influence of the household head's employment, housing conditions, number of household members, and household expenditures on energy poverty in Indonesia. The research uses a quantitative approach with secondary cross-sectional data from 38 provinces in 2024 sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression with the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method after passing the classical assumption tests. The research results show that, simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant effect on energy poverty. Partially, households with a working head of household have a positive and significant effect on energy poverty, while housing conditions and the number of household members have a negative and significant effect. Meanwhile, household expenditure has a negative but not significant effect. These findings indicate that energy poverty is not only influenced by household economic capacity but also by social characteristics and housing conditions that affect access to modern energy. Therefore, efforts to alleviate energy poverty need to be supported through improving job quality, upgrading housing conditions, and ensuring equal access to modern energy infrastructure and services.

Keywords: energy poverty, housing conditions, working head of household, household expenditure, multiple linear regression.

Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan, Upah Minimum, Dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka Terhadap Persentase Bekerja Di Sektor Formal Di Indonesia

Elfando Jafendra — 2026-08-03

The percentage of workes in the formal sector represents the proportion of the labor force absorbed into the structured labor market and protected by labor laws and regulation. This study aims to analze the partial and simultaneous effects of education level, minimum wage, and the open unemployment rate on the percentage of workers in the formal sector in Indonesia. The quantitative data used in study is secondary panel data sourced from publications by Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and the Ministry of Manpower for the period 2020 to 2024, covering 34 provinces in Indonesia with a total of 170 observations. The panel data regression estimation result show that, partially, the level of education has a positive and significant effect on the percentage of workes in the formal sector, the minimum wage has a significant positive effect in linewith regional labor market dyamics, and the open unemployment rate has a positive but insignificant effect, whereas simultaneously all three independent variables have a significant effect on the percentage of formal sector workers in Indonesia. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated government policymaking to enhance human capital quality through education, establish balanced minimum wage policy formulations, and reduce unemployment rates in order to expand formal sector employment absorption that is more productive and sustainable across all regions in Indonesia.